Many terms have been coined to describe to spread of false information, including “disinfodemic”
(Posetti and Bontcheva, 2020a and 2020b), “massive infodemic” (World Health Organization,
2020), and fake news (Ireton and Posetti, 2018; Tandoc et al., 2017). The spread of such false
information during the COVID-19 pandemic has been assimilated to a parallel misinformation
pandemic directly impacting lives and livelihoods around the world. Fake news and misinformation
on sanitary measures against COVID-19 and policy responses have had a more severe impact on
groups considered to be in a vulnerable situation, including migrants (IOM, 2020a).1