Acrylamide is a probable carcinogen. Its main sources are the diet and tobacco. The
association between acrylamide intake from the diet and tobacco and prostate cancer (PCa) has
not been previously evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary acrylamide
intake and exposure to acrylamide through cigarettes and PCa risk. A population-based case–control
(CAPLIFE) study was conducted, including 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls. Smoking and
dietary information, with a validated food frequency questionnaire, was collected. We calculated
the amount of acrylamide from both sources, and tertiles (Ts) were created. Multivariable logistic
regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the association between exposure
to acrylamide and PCa risk. The median was similar for acrylamide in both dietary and smoking
acrylamide among PCa cases and controls. No association was observed between dietary acrylamide
intake and overall PCa risk (adjusted ORT3vsT1 = 0.90 (95% CI 0.59, 1.37)). A risk trend was observed
for acrylamide exposure from cigarette smoking (p-trend = 0.032), with the highest odds in those
subjects with the high exposure to acrylamide through cigarettes (adjusted ORT3vsT1 = 1.67 (95% CI
0.92, 3.04)). The restricted cubic splines suggested a linear relationship. In conclusion, acrylamide
from smoking could be positively associated with PCa risk, but no association was observed for
dietary acrylamide.
