Background: The antimetabolite mangotoxin is a key factor in virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
strains which cause apical necrosis of mango trees. Previous studies showed that mangotoxin biosynthesis is
governed by the mbo operon. Random mutagenesis led to the identification of two other gene clusters that affect
mangotoxin biosynthesis. These are the gacS/gacA genes and mgo operon which harbors the four genes mgoBCAD.
Results: The current study shows that disruption of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene mgoA
resulted in loss of mangotoxin production and reduced virulence on tomato leaves. Transcriptional analyses by
qPCR and promoter reporter fusions revealed that mbo expression is regulated by both gacS/gacA and mgo genes.
Also, expression of the mgo operon was shown to be regulated by gacS/gacA. Heterologous expression under the
native promoter of the mbo operon resulted in mangotoxin production in non-producing P. syringae strains, but
not in other Pseudomonas species. Also introduction of the mbo and mgo operons in nonproducing P. protegens
Pf-5 did not confer mangotoxin production but did enhance transcription of the mbo promoter.
Conclusions: From the data obtained in this study, we conclude that both mbo and mgo operons are under the
control of the gacS/gacA two-component system and that the MgoA product acts as a positive regulator of
mangotoxin biosynthesis.
