Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs), operating below 650 ◦C, are attracting a great interest due to
their long-term stability and potential application for stationary and portable power generation. Much effort is
being devoted to investigating new electrode materials because the electrode polarization resistance remains a
serious limitation to the performance. Nanostructured electrodes offer the possibility of increasing the SOFC
efficiency at low temperatures. Among the different electrode preparation techniques, spray pyrolysis deposition
is a versatile, economic and industrially scalable method to grow electrodes directly on the electrolyte, reducing
preparation steps and time. Recent progresses in this field are summarized here, especially highlighting the wide
variety of different microstructural strategies used to improve the electrode performance, i.e. nanocomposite
cathodes graded cathodes, infiltrated cathodes and cathodes with active/functional layers. Finally, the current
existing challenges and the future working directions for further enhancing the properties of new nanostructured
electrodes are discussed.
