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dc.contributor.authorPng-Gonzalez, Lydia
dc.contributor.authorComas-González, Robert
dc.contributor.authorCalvo-Manazza, Matías
dc.contributor.authorFollana-Berná, Guillermo
dc.contributor.authorBallesteros, Enric
dc.contributor.authorDíaz-Tapia, Pilar
dc.contributor.authorM. Falcón, Jesús
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Raso, José Enrique 
dc.contributor.authorGofas, Serge 
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Porto, Marcos
dc.contributor.authorLópez, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorRamos-Esplá, Alfonso A.
dc.contributor.authorVelasco, Eva
dc.contributor.authorCarbonell, Aina
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-20T10:27:46Z
dc.date.available2023-06-20T10:27:46Z
dc.date.created2023
dc.date.issued2023-05-05
dc.identifier.citationPng-Gonzalez L, Comas-González R, Calvo-Manazza M, Follana-Berná G, Ballesteros E, Díaz-Tapia P, Falcón JM, García Raso JE, Gofas S, González-Porto M, et al. Updating the National Baseline of Non-Indigenous Species in Spanish Marine Waters. Diversity. 2023; 15(5):630. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050630es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10630/27032
dc.description.abstractThe introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, grant number 11_MM_ESMARES2. The APC was funded by the ESMARES2-C3 project. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málagaes_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherMDPIes_ES
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectFauna marina - Españaes_ES
dc.subjectBiología Marina - Españaes_ES
dc.subjectEspecies exóticas invasoras - Españaes_ES
dc.subject.otherAlien specieses_ES
dc.subject.otherNational NIS inventorieses_ES
dc.subject.otherMediterranean seaes_ES
dc.subject.otherNortheast Atlantices_ES
dc.subject.otherDescriptor 2es_ES
dc.subject.otherMarine strategy framework directivees_ES
dc.titleUpdating the national baseline of non-indigenous species in Spanish marine waterses_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES
dc.centroFacultad de Cienciases_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/d15050630
dc.rights.ccAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones_ES


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