The human pathogen Bacillus cereus is responsible of many food poisoning due to the ingestion of contaminated vegetables or processed foods. For the survival and colonization, the bacteria form a biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces in which a specific subpopulation differentiates to produce a multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM), mainly composed by exopolysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA. One of the most attractive components of the ECM are the amyloid proteins due to its high tendency to fibrillate and the multifunctional role in the bacterial physiology.
In the B. cereus genome there is a specific genomic region that contains two orthologues genes to the tasA gene in Bacillus subtilis, initially described as essential in the assembly of amyloid fibers, named tasA and calY respectively. The deletion of these genes gives a different phenotype related with a deficient biofilm formation in both cases. In the tasA mutant, the biofilm finally detaches at 72 hours, and the calY mutant shows a thinner ring phenotype in comparison with the wild type strain. The gene expression dynamic during the biofilm development reveals that there are three different subpopulations: both genes are expressed, only calY or none of them. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq show that the mutants have different changes in the gene regulation and the calY mutant is the most affected, with 227 genes deregulated that affect to several important pathways such as the synthesis of extracellular DNA, an important component of the ECM.
The results mentioned above indicate that TasA and CalY might have complementary roles in the biopellicle development but also evidence that this physiological process is more complex in B. cereus in comparison with the model described in B. subtilis.
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